Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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1. Which of the following is the best definition of "pharmacokinetics?"
      a. The study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
      b. The study of the relationship between drug concentration and effect.
      c. The study of the relationship between cure rate and drug level achieved.
      d. The study of how drug elimination changes over time.


2. Two chemically similar drugs are tested for the same pharmcaologic effect. Which drug below would be considered more potent?
      a. Drug A with EC50 = 10 mg/L
      b. Drug B with EC50 = 1 mg/L



3. Which of the following organs and fluids comprise the "central compartment?"
      a. heart, liver, lungs, muscle
      b. heart, lungs, muscle, cerebrospinal fluid
      c. heart, muscle, cerebrospinal fluid, kidneys
      d. heart, liver, lungs, kidneys


4. When serum concentrations over time are plotted on semi-log paper resulting in a straight line, the elimination of drug can be said to be:
      a. First order
      b. Zero order


5. The term "clearance" refers to:
      a. The amount of drug that is being removed from the body over a given time period.
      b. The volume of blood that is cleared of drug over each time period.
      c. The amount of time required to remove the drug from the body.


6. With first-order elimination, the amount of drug eliminated in a set amount of time is:
      a. indirectly proportional to the amount of drug in the body.
      b. directly proportional to the amount of drug in the body.
      c. the logarithm of the drug concentration.
      d. the slope of the plasma concentration versus time curve.


7. Which PK elimination model exists when the amount of drug eliminated in a given time period remains the same, but the fraction removed changes.
      a. Zero order
      b. First order
      c. Mixed order


8. Using the equation C1 = C0e-Kt, predict the tobramycin concentration 8 hr after a peak concentration of 8 mg/L is observed if the elimination rate constant is known to be 0.2 hr-1.
      a. 1.46 mg/L
      b. 1.62 mg/L
      c. 1.76 mg/L
      d. 26.6 mg/L


9. The amount of a drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation is described as that drug's ________.
      a. F factor
      b. half-life
      c. bioavailability
      d. extraction ratio
      e. both a and c


10. When assessing the validity of reported drug concentrations from a biologic sample, which of the following should be considered?
      a. Sample timing and drug administration procedures.
      b. Laboratory instrument calibration procedures.
      c. Sample handling and collection procedures.
      d. Presence of any potentially cross-reacting substances in the sample
      e. All of the above.






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